Objective: Fever alone can lead to rare serious complications in children, such as febrile seizures. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, beliefs, and behavior of parents toward fever and its management.

Material and Method: Parents of 377 children who were admitted to the pediatric emergency unit due to febrile convulsions between December 2021 and March 2022 were included in the study. A survey consist of multiple-choice questions applied to participants about their socioeconomic status, education level, the methods they used in cases of fever, their concerns about febrile convulsions, and the diseases they thought could accompany them.

Results: Of 80,9% the parents were mothers, 35,8% were primary school graduates, and 25,5% were university graduates. The choice of antipyretic, what is done first to reduce fever, the first diseases that come to mind in case of fever, and what temperature accepted as fever do not change with the education level (p >0.05). Dosing according to weight (p =0.001), infrared device use (p =0.02) and forehead temperature measurement (p <0.001) increase with high education level. Parents most often think of tonsillitis, flu and teething with fever. They most commonly describe febrile convulsions as a fixed gaze in the eyes, spasms and foaming at the mouth, and they think that it will eventually result in mental retardation.

Conclusion: Knowledge level of the participants about febrile convulsions is markedly low and their anxiety is high. Parents’ education by healthcare professionals will be beneficial.