Objective: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease causing disorders in carbonhydrate, protein and fat metabolism, which occurs as a result of deficiency in the secretion and effect of the insulin hormone. Sirtuin1 (SIRT-1) is a gene which is necessary for the induction of gluconeogenesis and the regression of the glycolysis gene. The studies in literature report that SIRT-1 gene plays an important role in the development of insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between SIRT-1 gene polymorphism, expression and the tendency to Type 2 DM, efficiency in the treatment and the control group.

Material and Methods: The present study included volunteered 40 patients who live around Elazığ Province, who diagnosed with Type 2 DM and who aged over 30 years (10 male and 10 female who received only oral anti-diabetic treatment and 10 male and 10 female who received no medication) and volunteered 40 individuals in control group (20 male and 20 female) who are aged over 30 years. In addition to routine blood examinations, Sirtuin1 (SIRT-1) gene polymorphism and gene expression were examined in the study groups.

Results: The study compared Type 2 DM (n=40) and control (n=40) groups in terms of SIRT-1 rs7895833 gene area polymorphisms. There was no significant difference between these two groups in terms of SIRT-1 rs7895833 area gene polymorphisms rates (p=0.383). Significant correlation was detected between SNP rs7895833 of the SIRT-1 expression, polymorphism and BMI (p= 0.01 – p= 0.04).

Conclusions: In conclusion, the study determined no significant difference between Type 2 DM and the control groups in terms of the expression and polymorphism of SIRT-1 rs7895833 SNP areas. However, a negative correlation was determined between the expressions of both genes and BMI. In addition to the functional studies conducted, genetical and pharmacological inhibition of SIRT-1 induces insulin resistance, which indicates that in the future new generation pharmaceutics targeting the pathways of the Ngn-3 and SIRT-1 expression positive or negatively.