Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the association of monocytes count with cardiovascular mortality in patients with acute decom-pensated heart failure (ADHF).

Material and Method: The study is a retrospective cohort study including 237 consecutive patients with ADHF admitted to cardiology. Clinical follow-up was performed by telephone interviews with the patient and/or relatives and by review of hospital medical records.

Results: These patients were divided into two groups: the deceased group (group 1), who died during hospitalization or the follow-up period, and the survival group (group 2). There was a significant difference in the mean percentage of monocytes and monocyte count between the two groups (p=0.003; p=0.006, respectively). ROC curve was drawn (AUC=0.618, 95% confidence interval: 0.544-0.693, p=0.003).

Conclusion: In summary monocyte-related cytokines play an important role in ADHF. Our study shows that monocytes can be used in patients with ADHF as a independent predictor of mortality; moreover it is inexpensive and easy to perform. Nonetheless, further larger-scale and multi-center studies needed to confirm these findings.