Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine etiological profile and neurodevelopmental prognosis of cases with seizures in neonatal period.

Material and Method: The medical records of 61 patients who were followed up for neonatal seizure in the pediatric neurology outpatient clinic were evaluated retrospectively.

Results: Risk factors were found in 59% of the patients. The most common risk factors were asphyxia (31.2%) and hypoglycemia (8.2%). The mean length of the follow-up duration for the patients was 13.97 ± 9.96 months. 18% patients were found to developed epilepsy. No significant relationship was found between development of epilepsy and birth weight, mode of delivery, presence of a risk factor, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, time of seizure onset, type of seizure, or having had status epilepticus (p >0.05). During the follow up, 6.6% patients were found to develop infantile spasms, and 3.3% patients developed cerebral palsy. Of the patients, 82% showed an age-appropriate development, 13.1% had global developmental retardation, and 4.9% had speech delay. No significant relationship was found between neuromotor development and the presence of risk factors, MRI findings, time of seizure onset, and seizure type (p >0.05). Neuromotor retardation was significantly more common among the patients who developed epilepsy (p <0.001).

Conclusion: Seizures are most common neurological problems of the neonatal period. The development of epilepsy in patients with seizures during neonatal period was found to be an important risk factor for neuromotor developmental retardation.